From James Bianco, via Ritholz (http://ritholtz.com/2016/06/historical-look-earnings/):
“In a nutshell, analysts often offer more optimistic earnings estimates early in a quarter only to be guided lower by company guidance as the actual quarterly release draws closer.”
“The trend in these series is another way of showing the gamed nature of earnings. While analysts undoubtedly gather more information as a quarterly release draws near, allowing them to offer a more accurate estimate, perhaps earnings estimates are more honest 120 days prior to an actual earnings release since the percentage of companies that beat estimates vacillate around 50%. Presumably this would be the time that analysts would be able to offer their opinion without much influence from company guidance.”
And here is the most recent earnings season:
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